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Two-dimensional solitons and quantum droplets supported by competing self- and cross-interactions in spin-orbit-coupled condensates

Yongyao LiSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People’s Republic of ChinaZhihuan LuoCollege of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic of ChinaYan LiuCollege of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic of ChinaZhaopin ChenDepartment of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelChunqing HuangSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People’s Republic of ChinaShenhe FuDepartment of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of ChinaHaishu TanSchool of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People’s Republic of ChinaBoris A. MalomedDepartment of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel

2017en

ABI

Annotatsiya

We study two-dimensional (2D) matter-wave solitons in spinor Bose–Einstein condensates under the action of the spin–orbit coupling and opposite signs of the self- and cross-interactions. Stable 2D two-component solitons of the mixed-mode type are found if the cross-interaction between the components is attractive, while the self-interaction is repulsive in each component. Stable solitons of the semi-vortex type are formed in the opposite case, under the action of competing self-attraction and cross-repulsion. The solitons exist with the total norm taking values below a collapse threshold. Further, in the case of the repulsive self-interaction and inter-component attraction, stable 2D self-trapped modes, which may be considered as quantum droplets (QDs), are created if the beyond-mean-field Lee–Huang–Yang terms are added to the self-repulsion in the underlying system of coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations. Stable QDs of the mixed-mode type, of a large size with an anisotropic density profile, exist with arbitrarily large values of the norm, as the Lee–Huang–Yang terms eliminate the collapse. The effect of the spin–orbit coupling term on characteristics of the QDs is systematically studied. We also address the existence and stability of QDs in the case of SOC with mixed Rashba and Dresselhaus terms, which makes the density profile of the QD more isotropic. Thus, QDs in the spin-orbit-coupled binary Bose–Einstein condensate are for the first time studied in the present work.

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DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/aa983b

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