Methods and technique of thermopower and electrical conductivity measurements of thermoelectric materials at high temperatures

The principles and methods of thermopower and electrical conductivity measurements at high temperatures (100 – 1000 K) are reviewed. These two properties define the so-called power factor of thermoelect ric materials. Moreover, in combination with thermal conductivity they give the efficiency of thermoelectric conversion. In spite of a principal obtained by different groups and hinders a realistic estimate of the potential thermoelectric efficiency of new materials. The lack of a commonly accepted reference material for thermopower exaggerates the problem. Therefore, it is very important to have a clear understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the measuring methods and set-ups. The review article deals with the definitions of the thermoelectric parameters and principles of their experimental determination. The metrological characteristics of the state-of-the-art experimental set-ups for high temperature measurements are analyzed. simplicity of the measurement methods of these properties, their practical realization is rather complicated, especially at high temperatures. This leads to large uncertainties in determination of the properties, complicates comparison of the results

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