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Clean and Affordable Hydrogen Fuel from Alkaline Water Splitting: Past, Recent Progress, and Future Prospects

Ziyou YuDivision of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Department of Chemistry Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 ChinaYu DuanDivision of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Department of Chemistry Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 ChinaXingyu FengDivision of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Department of Chemistry Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 ChinaXingxing YuDivision of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Department of Chemistry Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 ChinaMin‐Rui GaoDivision of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Department of Chemistry Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 ChinaShu‐Hong YuDivision of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Department of Chemistry Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

2021en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Hydrogen economy has emerged as a very promising alternative to the current hydrocarbon economy, which involves the process of harvesting renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen and then further utilization of clean hydrogen fuel. The production of hydrogen by water electrolysis is an essential prerequisite of the hydrogen economy with zero carbon emission. Among various water electrolysis technologies, alkaline water splitting has been commercialized for more than 100 years, representing the most mature and economic technology. Here, the historic development of water electrolysis is overviewed, and several critical electrochemical parameters are discussed. After that, advanced nonprecious metal electrocatalysts that emerged recently for negotiating the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are discussed, including transition metal oxides, (oxy)hydroxides, chalcogenides, phosphides, and nitrides for the OER, as well as transition metal alloys, chalcogenides, phosphides, and carbides for the HER. In this section, particular attention is paid to the catalyst synthesis, activity and stability challenges, performance improvement, and industry-relevant developments. Some recent works about scaled-up catalyst synthesis, novel electrode designs, and alkaline seawater electrolysis are also spotlighted. Finally, an outlook on future challenges and opportunities for alkaline water splitting is offered, and potential future directions are speculated.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007100

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