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Quantum Joule-Thomson Effect in a Saturated Homogeneous Bose Gas

Tobias F. SchmidutzCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdomIgor GotlibovychCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdomAlexander L. GauntCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdomRobert P. SmithCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdomNir NavonCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdomZoran HadzibabicCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom

2014en

ABI

Annotatsiya

We study the thermodynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation in a weakly interacting quasihomogeneous atomic gas, prepared in an optical-box trap. We characterize the critical point for condensation and observe saturation of the thermal component in a partially condensed cloud, in agreement with Einstein's textbook picture of a purely statistical phase transition. Finally, we observe the quantum Joule-Thomson effect, namely isoenthalpic cooling of an (essentially) ideal gas. In our experiments this cooling occurs spontaneously, due to energy-independent collisions with the background gas in the vacuum chamber. We extract a Joule-Thomson coefficient μJT>10(9) K/bar, about 10 orders of magnitude larger than observed in classical gases.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.040403

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