‘Out of the glovebox’ studies of a multifunctional [Gd³⁺‐Ho³⁺‐Dy³⁺]:<scp>CsPbI_2.7Br_0.3</scp> perovskite semiconductor system for energy applications

Abstract BACKGROUND This work deciphers the first report on the treble lanthanide‐doped perovskite heterosystem [Gd 3+ ‐Ho 3+ ‐Dy 3+ ]:CsPbI 2.7 Br 0.3 (GHD:C‐PVSK) and subsequently explores its prospects for solar cells, energy generation, and charge storage. RESULTS GHD:C‐PVSK remained optically active for a period of 28 days with a band gap energy of 1.62–1.76 eV. The developed perovskite material possesses cubic phase with typical ABX 3 geometry and the subsequently deposited thin films have compact morphology. As a light absorber layer, a GHD:C‐PVSK‐based solution‐processed perovskite solar cell executed an efficiency of 15.11% and an improved fill factor of 71.25%. In electrocatalytic assays, GHD:C‐PVSK emerged as a bifunctional catalyst for oxygen and hydrogen generation with greater tendency towards pure hydrogen production, exuding overpotential ( η HER ) – that is, 143 mV and 123.4 mV dec −1 of the Tafel slope value. With a remarkable service life of 100 min inside the electrolyte, the GHD:C‐PVSK electrode was characterized by its excellent charge storage. It has a unit capacity of 383 mA h g −1 and is marked by reduced equivalent series resistance ( R s ) of 0.66 Ω. CONCLUSION Through photoelectrical and electrical analysis, GHD:C‐PVSK has emerged as a sustainable and energy‐efficient material that can be stabilized by suitable thermal modulation and lanthanide doping. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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