Nanofluids: Bridging nanotechnology and fluid dynamics for enhanced thermal performance

Abstract The manuscript explores the latest developments in nanofluids, investigating their synthesis, characterization, and diverse applications across various fields. Nanofluids, colloidal suspensions of nanometre-sized particles in a base fluid, exhibit enhanced thermal and physical properties. This article reviews multiple synthesis methods, such as mechanical milling and chemical reduction, emphasizing the importance of stability and dispersion. Characterization techniques, including dynamic light scattering and thermal conductivity measurement, provide insights into key properties. Applications span mechanical engineering, aerospace, nuclear energy, and healthcare, showcasing nanofluids’ versatility. The comprehensive understanding presented here lays the groundwork for leveraging nanofluids in optimizing heat transfer and efficiency in various industries.

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