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The Origins of C <sub>4</sub> Grasslands: Integrating Evolutionary and Ecosystem Science

Erika J. EdwardsDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USAColin P. OsborneDepartment of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UKCaroline A. E. StrömbergDepartment of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1800, USAStephen A. SmithNational Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC 27705–4667, USAWilliam J. BondUniversity of Cape TownPascal‐Antoine ChristinUniversity of LausanneAsaph B. CousinsWashington State University , PullmanMelvin R. DuvallNorthern Illinois UnivDavid L. Foxuniversity of minnesota;Robert P. FreckletonUniversity of Sheffield#N#Oula GhannoumWESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITYJames Hartwelluniversity of liverpoolYongsong HuangBrown UniversityChristine M. JanisBrown UniversityJon E. KeeleyUnited States Geological Survey; University of California at Los AngelesElizabeth A. KelloggUniversity of Missouri at St. LouisAlan K. KnappColorado State UniversityAndrew D. B. Leakey***University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDavid M. NelsonJeffery M. SaarelaCanadian Museum of NatureRowan F. SageUniversity of TorontoOsvaldo E. SalaBrown UniversityNicolas SalaminSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics; University of LausanneChristopher J. StillUniversity of California at Santa Barbara;Brett J. TippleUniversity of Utah

2010en

ABI

Annotatsiya

The evolution of grasses using C4 photosynthesis and their sudden rise to ecological dominance 3 to 8 million years ago is among the most dramatic examples of biome assembly in the geological record. A growing body of work suggests that the patterns and drivers of C4 grassland expansion were considerably more complex than originally assumed. Previous research has benefited substantially from dialog between geologists and ecologists, but current research must now integrate fully with phylogenetics. A synthesis of grass evolutionary biology with grassland ecosystem science will further our knowledge of the evolution of traits that promote dominance in grassland systems and will provide a new context in which to evaluate the relative importance of C4 photosynthesis in transforming ecosystems across large regions of Earth.

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DOI: 10.1126/science.1177216

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