Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves Using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>l</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>, WMAP, and New BICEP2/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> Observations through the 2015 Season
P. A. R. AdeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United KingdomZeeshan AhmedKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USAR. W. AikinDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAK. D. AlexanderHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAD. BarkatsHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAS. J. BentonDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USAC. A. BischoffDepartment of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USAJ. J. BockDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USARachel Bowens-RubinHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAJ. A. BrevikDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAI. BuderHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAE. BullockMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAV. BuzaDepartment of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAJ. ConnorsHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAJ. CornelisonHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAB. P. CrillJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USAM. CrumrineSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAM. DierickxHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAL. DubandService des Basses Températures, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 38054 Grenoble, FranceCora DvorkinDepartment of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAJ. P. FilippiniDepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USAS. FliescherSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAJ. GraysonDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAG. HallSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAM. HalpernDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, CanadaS. HarrisonHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAS. R. HildebrandtDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAG. C. HiltonNational Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USAH. HuiDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAK. D. IrwinDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAJ. KangDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAK. S. KarkareHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAE. KarpelDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAJ. P. KaufmanDepartment of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USABrian KeatingDepartment of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USAS. KefeliDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAS. A. KernasovskiyDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAJ. M. KovacDepartment of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAC. L. KuoDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USANicole LarsenKavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USAK. LauSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAE. M. LeitchKavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USAM. LuekerDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAK. G. MegerianJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USALorenzo MoncelsiDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAToshiya NamikawaLeung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanC. B. NetterfieldCanadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z8, CanadaH. T. NguyenJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USAR. O’BrientDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAR. W. OgburnDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAS. PalladinoDepartment of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USAC. PrykeMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAB. RacineHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAS. RichterHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAA. SchillaciDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAR. SchwarzSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAC. D. SheehyPhysics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USAA. SolimanDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAT. St. GermaineHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street MS 42, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAZ. StaniszewskiDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAB. SteinbachDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAR. V. SudiwalaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United KingdomG. P. TeplyDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAK. L. ThompsonDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAJ. E. TolanDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAC. TuckerSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United KingdomAnthony TurnerJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USAC. UmiltàDepartment of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USAA. G. ViereggDepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USAA. WanduiDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAA. C. WeberJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USADonald WiebeDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, CanadaJ. WillmertSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USAC. L. WongDepartment of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAW. L. K. WuKavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USAHuan YangDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAK. W. YoonDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USAC. ZhangDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
2018lv
ABI
Annotatsiya
We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the bicep2/Keck CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2015 observing season. This includes the first Keck Array observations at 220 GHz and additional observations at 95 and 150 GHz. The Q and U maps reach depths of 5.2, 2.9, and 26 μK_{CMB} arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively, over an effective area of ≈400 square degrees. The 220 GHz maps achieve a signal to noise on polarized dust emission approximately equal to that of Planck at 353 GHz. We take auto and cross spectra between these maps and publicly available WMAP and Planck maps at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz. We evaluate the joint likelihood of the spectra versus a multicomponent model of lensed-ΛCDM+r+dust+synchrotron+noise. The foreground model has seven parameters, and we impose priors on some of these using external information from Planck and WMAP derived from larger regions of sky. The model is shown to be an adequate description of the data at the current noise levels. The likelihood analysis yields the constraint r_{0.05}<0.07 at 95% confidence, which tightens to r_{0.05}<0.06 in conjunction with Planck temperature measurements and other data. The lensing signal is detected at 8.8σ significance. Running a maximum likelihood search on simulations we obtain unbiased results and find that σ(r)=0.020. These are the strongest constraints to date on primordial gravitational waves.
Hali tarjima qilinmagan
Identifikatorlar
Iqtiboslar va manbalar
2 ta iqtibos0 ta foydalanilgan manba