Solar cell efficiency tables (version 57)
Martin A. GreenSchool of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics University of New South Wales Sydney AustraliaEwan D. DunlopDirectorate C ‐ Energy, Transport and Climate European Commission – Joint Research Centre Ispra ItalyJochen Hohl‐EbingerDepartment of Characterisation and Simulation/CalLab PV Cells Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Freiburg GermanyMasahiro YoshitaRenewable Energy Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba JapanNikos KopidakisPV Cell and Module Performance National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO USAXiaojing HaoSchool of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
2020en
ABI
Annotatsiya
Abstract Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since June 2020 are reviewed. In this issue, charts showing efficiency improvements since 1993 are included as well as cell and module area definitions and an updated list of recognized test centres.
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