The broad-band properties of the intermediate synchrotron peaked BL Lac S2 0109+22 from radio to VHE gamma-rays
Stefano AnsoldiJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanL. A. AntonelliNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyCornelia ArcaroUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyDominik BaackTechnische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyA. BabićCroatian MAGIC Consortium: University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek; and Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaB. BanerjeeSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Salt Lake, Sector-1, Kolkata 700064, IndiaP. BangaleMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyU. Barres de AlmeidaMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyJ. A. BarrioUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainJ. Becerra GonzálezInst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna; and Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainW. BednarekDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Łódź, PL-90236 Łódź, PolandE. BernardiniDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyR. Ch. BerseTechnische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyA. BertiUniversità di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, ItalyJ. BesenriederMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyW. BhattacharyyaDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyC. BigongiariNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyA. BilandETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandO. BlanchInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainG. BonnoliUniversità di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, ItalyR. CarosiUniversità di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, ItalyG. CeribellaMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyA. ChatterjeeSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Salt Lake, Sector-1, Kolkata 700064, IndiaS. M. ColakInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainP. ColinMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyE. ColomboInst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna; and Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainJ. L. ContrerasUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainJ. CortinaInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainS. CovinoNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyP. CumaniInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainV. D’EliaNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyP. Da VelaUniversità di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, ItalyF. DazziNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyA. De AngelisUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyB. De LottoUniversità di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, ItalyM. DelfinoInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainJ. DelgadoInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainF. Di PierroUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyA. DomínguezUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainD. Dominis PresterCroatian MAGIC Consortium: University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek; and Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaD. DornerUniversität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, GermanyM. DoroUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyS. EineckeTechnische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyD. ElsäesserTechnische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyV. Fallah RamazanıFinnish MAGIC Consortium: Tuorla Observatory (Department of Physics and Astronomy) and Finnish Centre of Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland; Astronomy Division, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, FinlandAlicia FattoriniTechnische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyA. Fernández-BarralUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyG. FerraraNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyD. FidalgoUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainL. FoffanoUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyM. V. FonsecaUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainL. FontDepartament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, SpainC. FruckMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyS. GallozziNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyR. J. Garcı́a LópezInst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna; and Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainM. GarczarczykDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyM. GaugDepartament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, SpainP GiammariaNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyN. GodinovićCroatian MAGIC Consortium: University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek; and Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaD. GubermanInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainD. HadaschJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanA. HahnMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyT. HassanInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainM. HayashidaJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanJ. HerreraInst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna; and Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainJohn HoangUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainDario HrupecCroatian MAGIC Consortium: University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek; and Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaSusumu InoueJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanKazuma IshioMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyY. IwamuraJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanY. KonnoJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanH. KuboJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanJ. KushidaJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanA. LamastraNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyD LelasCroatian MAGIC Consortium: University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek; and Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaF. LeoneNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyE. LindforsFinnish MAGIC Consortium: Tuorla Observatory (Department of Physics and Astronomy) and Finnish Centre of Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland; Astronomy Division, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, FinlandS. LombardiNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyF. LongoUniversità di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, ItalyMarcos LópezUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC. MaggioDepartament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, SpainP. MajumdarSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Salt Lake, Sector-1, Kolkata 700064, IndiaM. MakarievInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1784 Sofia, BulgariaG. ManevaInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1784 Sofia, BulgariaM. ManganaroInst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna; and Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainK. MannheimUniversität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, GermanyL. MaraschiNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyM. MariottiUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyM. Martı́nezInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainS. MasudaJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanD. MazinJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanK. MielkeTechnische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyM. MinevInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1784 Sofia, BulgariaJ. M. MirandaUniversità di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, ItalyR. MirzoyanMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyA. MoralejoInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainV. MorenoDepartament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, SpainE. MorettiInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainV. NeustroevFinnish MAGIC Consortium: Tuorla Observatory (Department of Physics and Astronomy) and Finnish Centre of Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland; Astronomy Division, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, FinlandA. NiedźwieckiDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Łódź, PL-90236 Łódź, Poland
2018en
ABI
Annotatsiya
The Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes observed S2 0109+22 in 2015 July during its flaring activity in high-energy gamma-rays observed by Fermi-Large Area Telescope. We analyse the MAGIC data to characterize the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission of S2 0109+22, which belongs to the subclass of intermediate synchrotron peak (ISP) BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects. We study the multifrequency emission in order to investigate the source classification. Finally, we compare the source longterm behaviour to other VHE gamma-ray emitting (TeV) blazars. We performed a temporal and spectral analysis of the data centred around the MAGIC interval of observation (MJD 57225-57231). Long-term radio and optical data have also been investigated using the discrete correlation function. The redshift of the source is estimated through optical host-galaxy imaging and also using the amount of VHE gamma-ray absorption. The quasi-simultaneous multifrequency spectral energy distribution (SED) is modelled with the conventional one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. MAGIC observations resulted in the detection of the source at a significance level of 5.3 . The VHE gamma-ray emission of S2 0109+22 is variable on a daily time scale. VHE gamma-ray luminosity of the source is lower than the average of TeV BL Lacs. The optical polarization and long-term optical/radio behaviour of the source are different from the general population of TeV blazars. All these findings agree with the classification of the source as an ISP BL Lac object. We estimate the source redshift as z = 0.36 0.07. The SSC parameters describing the SED are rather typical for blazars.
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