Measurement of the extragalactic background light using MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations of blazars up to z = 1
V. A. AcciariDpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainStefano AnsoldiUniversità di Udine, INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, ItalyL. A. AntonelliNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyA. Arbet EngelsETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandDominik BaackTechnische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyA. BabićCroatian Consortium: Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split, Croatia; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaB. BanerjeeSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Salt Lake, Sector-1, Kolkata 700064, IndiaU. Barres de AlmeidaCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), 22290-180 URCA, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), BrazilJ. A. BarrioUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainJ. Becerra GonzálezDpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainW. BednarekDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Łódź, PL-90236 Łódź, PolandLorenzo BellizziUniversità di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, ItalyE. BernardiniDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyA. BertiDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, ItalyJürgen BesenriederMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyW. BhattacharyyaDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyC. BigongiariNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyA. BilandETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandO. BlanchInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainG. BonnoliUniversità di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, ItalyG. BusettoUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyR. CarosiUniversità di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, ItalyG. CeribellaMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyYating ChaiMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyS. CikotaCroatian Consortium: Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split, Croatia; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaS. M. ColakInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainU. ColinMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyE. ColomboDpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainJ. L. ContrerasUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainJ. CortinaInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainS. CovinoNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyV. D’EliaNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyP. Da VelaUniversità di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, ItalyF. DazziNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyA. De AngelisUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyB. De LottoUniversità di Udine, INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, ItalyM. DelfinoInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainJ. DelgadoInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainF. Di PierroIstituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN), I-00044 Frascati (Roma), ItalyE. Do Souto EspiñeiraInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainA. DomínguezUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainD. Dominis PresterCroatian Consortium: Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split, Croatia; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaD. DornerUniversität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, GermanyM. DoroUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyD. ElsäesserTechnische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyV. Fallah RamazanıFinnish MAGIC Consortium: Tuorla Observatory (Department of Physics and Astronomy) and Finnish Centre of Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Astronomy Division, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandAlicia FattoriniTechnische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, GermanyA. Fernández-BarralUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyG. FerraraNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyD. FidalgoUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainL. FoffanoUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyM. V. FonsecaUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainL. FontDepartament de Física, CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, SpainC. FruckMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyD. GalindoICCUB, IEEC-UB, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, SpainS. GallozziNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyR. J. Garcı́a LópezDpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainM. GarczarczykDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanySargis GasparyanICRANet-Armenia at NAS RA, 0019 Yerevan, ArmeniaM. GaugDepartament de Física, CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, SpainN. GodinovićCroatian Consortium: Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split, Croatia; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaD GreenMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyD. GubermanInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainD. HadaschJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanA. HahnMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyT. HassanInst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, SpainJ. HerreraDpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainJohn HoangUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainDario HrupecCroatian Consortium: Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split, Croatia; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaSusumu InoueThe University of TokyoKazuma IshioMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyY. IwamuraJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanH. KuboJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanJ. KushidaJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanA. LamastraNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyD LelasCroatian Consortium: Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split, Croatia; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaF. LeoneNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyE. LindforsFinnish MAGIC Consortium: Tuorla Observatory (Department of Physics and Astronomy) and Finnish Centre of Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Astronomy Division, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandS. LombardiNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyF. LongoDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, ItalyMarcos LópezUnidad de Partículas y Cosmología (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, SpainR. López-CotoUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyA. López-OramasDpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainB. Machado de Oliveira FragaCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), 22290-180 URCA, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), BrazilC. MaggioDepartament de Física, CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, SpainP. MajumdarSaha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Salt Lake, Sector-1, Kolkata 700064, IndiaM. MakarievInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1784 Sofia, BulgariaM. MallamaciUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyG. ManevaInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1784 Sofia, BulgariaM. ManganaroCroatian Consortium: Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split, Croatia; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaK. MannheimUniversität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, GermanyL. MaraschiNational Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), I-00136 Rome, ItalyM. MariottiUniversità di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, ItalyM. Martı́nezInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainS. MasudaJapanese MAGIC Consortium: ICRR, The University of Tokyo, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan; Tokai University, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, JapanD. MazinMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, GermanyS. MičanovićCroatian Consortium: Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; University of Split – FESB, 21000 Split, Croatia; University of Zagreb – FER, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDavide MiceliUniversità di Udine, INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, ItalyM. MinevInstitute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG-1784 Sofia, BulgariaJ. M. MirandaUniversità di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
2019en
ABI
Annotatsiya
We present a measurement of the extragalactic background light (EBL) based on a joint likelihood analysis of 32 gamma-ray spectra for 12 blazars in the redshift range z = 0.03-0.944, obtained by the MAGIC telescopes and Fermi-LAT. The EBL is the part of the diffuse extragalactic radiation spanning the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared bands. Major contributors to the EBL are the light emitted by stars through the history of the Universe, and the fraction of it that was absorbed by dust in galaxies and re-emitted at longer wavelengths. The EBL can be studied indirectly through its effect on very high energy photons that are emitted by cosmic sources and absorbed via γγinteractions during their propagation across cosmological distances. We obtain estimates of the EBL density in good agreement with state-of-the-art models of the EBL production and evolution. The 1σ upper bounds, including systematic uncertainties, are between 13 per cent and 23 per cent above the nominal EBL density in the models. No anomaly in the expected transparency of the Universe to gamma-rays is observed in any range of optical depth. We also perform a wavelength-resolved EBL determination, which results in a hint of an excess of EBL in the 0.18-0.62 μm range relative to the studied models, yet compatible with them within systematics.
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