Nuclear effects and their interplay in nuclear deeply virtual Compton scattering amplitudes

In this paper we analyze nuclear medium effects on deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) amplitudes in the ${x}_{bj}$ range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}--{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for a large range of ${Q}^{2}$ and four different nuclei. We use our nucleon generalized parton distribution model capable of describing all currently available DVCS data on the proton and extend it to the nuclear case using two competing parametrizations of nuclear effects. The two parametrizations, though giving different absolute numbers, yield the same type and magnitude of effects for the imaginary and real parts of the nuclear DVCS amplitude. The imaginary part shows stronger nuclear shadowing effects compared to the inclusive case, i.e., ${F}_{2}^{N}$, whereas in the real part nuclear shadowing at small ${x}_{bj}$ and antishadowing at large ${x}_{bj}$ combine through evolution to yield an even greater suppression than in the imaginary part up to large values of ${x}_{bj}$. This is the first time that such a combination of nuclear effects has been observed in a hadronic amplitude. The experimental implications will be discussed in a subsequent publication.

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