Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:math>nuclei

We report quantum Monte Carlo calculations of ground and low-lying excited states for $A=8$ nuclei using a realistic Hamiltonian containing the Argonne ${v}_{18}$ two-nucleon and Urbana IX three-nucleon potentials. The calculations begin with correlated eight-body wave functions that have a filled $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-like core and four p-shell nucleons $\mathrm{LS}$ coupled to the appropriate ${(J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}};T)$ quantum numbers for the state of interest. After optimization, these variational wave functions are used as input to a Green's function Monte Carlo calculation made with a new constrained path algorithm. We find that the Hamiltonian produces a ${}^{8}\mathrm{Be}$ ground state that is within 2 MeV of the experimental resonance, but the other eight-body energies are progressively worse as the neutron-proton asymmetry increases. The ${}^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ ground state is stable against breakup into subclusters, but the ${}^{8}\mathrm{He}$ ground state is not. The excited state spectra are in fair agreement with experiment, with both the single-particle behavior of ${}^{8}\mathrm{He}$ and ${}^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ and the collective rotational behavior of ${}^{8}\mathrm{Be}$ being reproduced. We also examine energy differences in the $T=1,2$ isomultiplets and isospin-mixing matrix elements in the excited states of ${}^{8}\mathrm{Be}.$ Finally, we present densities, momentum distributions, and studies of the intrinsic shapes of these nuclei, with ${}^{8}\mathrm{Be}$ exhibiting a definite $2\ensuremath{\alpha}$ cluster structure.

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