Dependence of charged particle pseudorapidity distributions on centrality and energy in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>collisions at high energies

The pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in deuteron-gold ($d$-Au) and proton-emulsion ($p$-Em) collisions at high energies are studied in the framework of the two-cylinder model. The experimental results of nuclear reactions induced by protons and deuterons [$p(d)A$ collisions] can be simply described by this model. The dependencies of parameter values on centrality for $d$-Au collisions and on nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy for $p$-Em collisions are obtained. The formula obtained by this model is a unified formula in the description of (pseudo)rapidity distributions of final-state particles produced in different interactions over an energy range from intermediate accelerator energy to ultrahigh cosmic-ray energy.

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