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Palynological Study of Fossil Plants from Miocene Murree Formation of Pakistan: Clues to Investigate Palaeoclimate and Palaeoenvironment

Shabir AhmadDepartment of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanMushtaq AhmadDepartment of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanMohamed Fawzy RamadanDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaShazia SultanaDepartment of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanAlessio PapiniDepartment of Biology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, ItalyFazal UllahState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaSaddam SaqibState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaAsma AyazState Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, ChinaMansoor Ahmed BazaiLivestock and Dairy Development Department Baluchistan, Quetta 87300, PakistanWajid ZamanDepartment of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaMuhammad Zafar-ul-HyeDepartment of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

2023en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Palaeoflora in Pakistan in the Miocene is characterized by its high biodiversity. The present study investigated the pollen of fossil plants from the Murree Formation of Pakistan. Shales and mudstones were collected from the Murree section located at the foothills of the Margalla hills and analyzed by palynofacies and palynostratigraphic analyses. In this paleopalynological study of the Miocene Murree Formations of Pakistan, 31 samples were analyzed using microscopic techniques containing 48 pollen types from 12 families. The quantitative and qualitative morphological features of pollen were determined using light and scanning electron microscopy to help identify the pollen grains. Exine ornamentations and spines were the most important diagnostic features for distinguishing one pollen grain from another. The maximum exine thickness was observed in Ocimum basilicum of 4.25 μm, whereas the maximum pollen diameter was recorded for Pinus of 69.5 μm. Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae were the dominant families. The results showed that the preservation of floral records was not optimal. The presented results provide data on the dominant fossil plant taxa that existed in Pakistan (23.03–5.33 Ma). The evolution and phytogeographical histories of fossil plants can be unraveled using rock sediments to preserve biodiversity.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13010269

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