Dynamic cluster contribution to the yield of light particles in the spallation process

The proton-nucleus interaction at the 1--3 GeV energy range is studied by means of the newly developed Spallation Model with Cascade++ (SMC++). A mechanism consisting in Dynamic Clustering in a Nuclear Medium (DCNM) is suggested. This mechanism allows for high energy transfer to the target nucleus, fast energy dissipation, and formation of light charged particles (LCPs). Results of model simulation are compared to the broad set of experimental data. Significant improvement for p, d, t, and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ double-differential cross section calculations is achieved when compared to traditional spallation models utilizing only binary collision and surface coalescence for LCP creation.

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