Analysis of the polymorphism of organelle DNA to elucidate the phylogeography of Norway spruce in the East European Plain

The history of Norway spruce distribution in the East European Plain is discussed with regard to the results of the allele diversity survey of the mitochondrial Nad1 gene, which is maternally inherited, and the chloroplast trnT-trnF region, which is paternally inherited in spruce. The polymorphism of organelle DNAs was examined in 221 genotypes from 28 regions of the former Soviet Union in geographical provenances. Alleles common for the northern Picea abies lineage were detected in spruce trees from all the regions of the European part of Russia. The Nad1 allele typical of the southern lineage of P. abies was discovered just in spruces originating from Zakarpattia. The Nad1 allele species-specific of P. obovata was found only in spruces from the Sverdlovsk (Ural) and Krasnoyarsk (Siberia) oblasts. Among the trees analyzed, some had chloroplast DNA sequences (trnT-trnF) characteristic of P. abies, others carried cpDNA haplotypes specific of P. obovata. Analysis of polymorphism of organelle DNA allows revealing the hybrid nature of spruces resulting from the cross-pollination of different species.

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