Solubility of Ruthenium Dioxide in Lead Borosilicate Glasses

The solubility of RuO 2 in a lead borosilicate glass was measured in the range of 700° to 1000°C. The effect of dissolved alumina in the glass was studied in the same range using 2%, 4%, 6%, and 10% dissolved alumina. The solubility showed an exponential dependence on temperature, and the dissolved alumina decreased the solubility at any given temperature; however, the solubility was essentially the same in all of the alumina‐containing glasses. The Kelvin equation was used to deduce the concentration of RuO 2 in glass as a function of the curvature of the RuO 2 particles, and the dependence was found to be quite small. The implications of the results in processing thick‐film resistors using RuO 2 as the conductive phase and these glasses as insulating phases on an alumina substrate are discussed.

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