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Evolution of xylem lignification and hydrogel transport regulation

C. Kevin BoyceDepartment of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637; The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20015; and Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794Maciej A. ZwienieckiDepartment of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637; The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20015; and Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794George D. CodyDepartment of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637; The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20015; and Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794Chris JacobsenCarnegie Institution for ScienceS. WirickDepartment of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637; The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20015; and Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794Andrew H. KnollDepartment of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637; The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20015; and Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794N. Michele HolbrookDepartment of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637; The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 125 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20015; and Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794

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Annotatsiya

In vascular plants, the polysaccharide-based walls of water-conducting cells are strengthened by impregnation with the polyphenolic polymer lignin. The fine-scale patterning of lignin deposition in water-conducting cells is shown here to vary phylogenetically across vascular plants. The extent to which water transport in xylem cells can be modified in response to changes in the ionic content of xylem sap also is shown to vary in correlation with variation in lignification patterns, consistent with the proposed mechanism for hydraulic response through size change of middle-lamella pectins. This covariation suggests that the fine-scale distribution of hydrophilic polysaccharides and hydrophobic lignin can affect hydraulic as well as mechanical properties, and that the evolutionary diversification of vascular cells thus reflects biochemical as well as morphological innovations evolved to fulfill opposing cell functions of transport and structural support.

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DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0408024101

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