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The tetraploid Camellia oleifera genome provides insights into evolution, agronomic traits, and genetic architecture of oil Camellia plants

Lin ZhangKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Shi YanState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, ChinaWenfang GongKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, ChinaGuang ZhaoKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaShixin XiaoKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, ChinaHai LinKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaYanmin LiKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaZhenyang LiaoShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, ChinaShengcheng ZhangShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, ChinaGuanxing HuKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaZiqi YeKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaHaifeng WangState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, ChinaZhiqiang XiaCollege of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, ChinaYekun YangKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaHeping CaoUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USAShengjun ZhongHunan Deyou Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410004, ChinaXingtan ZhangShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Deyi YuanKey Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China. Electronic address: [email protected]

2024en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Camellia oleifera is an economically important woody oil plant. Complex ploidy and lack of genomic information have seriously hindered the molecular breeding of C. oleifera. Here, we present an 11.43-Gb haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level genome assembly of tetraploid C. oleifera (COL-tetra). Methods employed in this study support the conclusion that COL-tetra is an autotetraploid and probably originates from genome doubling of the diploid C. brevistyla. In addition, DNA methylation plays a significant role in imbalanced allelic expression and seed development. Genetic divergence analyses reveal significant differentiation signals for flowering time between spring-flowering and autumn-flowering oil Camellia species, which probably account for reproductive isolation between species with distinct flowering times. Strong introgression signals are detected between COL-tetra and C. sasanqua and between C. vietnamensis and COL-hexa, which might affect the development of agronomic traits and environmental adaptability. This study provides valuable insights into the evolution, agronomic trait development, and genetic architecture of oil Camellia plants.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114902

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