Studies in X-Ray Production by Proton Bombardment of C, Mg, Al, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho

Thick-target yields, x-ray production, and ionization cross sections are presented for nine elements bombarded with protons of 15- to 1900-keV energy. The measurements are made by observing the x-ray emission (proportional-counter detection) when protons are stopped in thick samples of the target material. The x rays are produced in $K$, $L$, and $M$ shells: $\mathrm{C}(K)$, $\mathrm{Mg}(K)$, and $\mathrm{Al}(K)$ in the intervals 15-110 keV and 500-1900 keV; $\mathrm{Nd}(L)$, $\mathrm{Sm}(L)$, $\mathrm{Gd}(L)$, $\mathrm{Tb}(L)$, $\mathrm{Dy}(L)$, and $\mathrm{Ho}(L)$ in the interval 500-1700 keV; $\mathrm{Nd}(M)$, $\mathrm{Sm}(M)$, $\mathrm{Gd}(M)$, $\mathrm{Tb}(M)$, $\mathrm{Dy}(M)$, and $\mathrm{Ho}(M)$ in the intervals 25-100 keV and 500-1700 keV. Where available, previous results are included to complete the presentation for these elements. A study of carbon-contamination buildup is included as an appendix.

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