Observation of Aharonov-Bohm Electron Interference Effects with Periods<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:math>in Individual Micron-Size, Normal-Metal Rings

We report resistance oscillations as a function of magnetic field for individual aluminum and silver thin-film rings, 1-2 \ensuremath{\mu}m in diameter, between 1.2 and 10 K. This is the first observation in single rings of oscillations with a flux period of $\frac{h}{2e}$ predicted by Al'tshuler et al. Oscillations periodic in $\frac{h}{e}$ are also seen in the 1-\ensuremath{\mu}m Ag rings at higher fields. These electron interference effects in metal rings are the solid-state analog of the Aharonov-Bohm effect for electrons in vacuum.

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