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Surface Functionalization of ZnO Nanorods with C<sub>60</sub> Derivatives Carrying Phosphonic Acid Functionalities

Michael VoigtInstitute of Particle Technology, University of Erlangen—Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyMartin KlaumünzerInstitute of Particle Technology, University of Erlangen—Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyAlexander EbelInstitute of Organic Chemistry LS II, University of Erlangen—Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyFabian WernerDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyGuang YangCenter for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), University of Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyRenata MarczakInstitute of Particle Technology, University of Erlangen—Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyErdmann SpieckerCenter for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), University of Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyDirk M. GuldiDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen−Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyAndreas HirschInstitute of Organic Chemistry LS II, University of Erlangen—Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyWolfgang PeukertInstitute of Particle Technology, University of Erlangen—Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

2011en

ABI

Annotatsiya

ZnO with its wide band gap (3.37 eV) emerged as a promising semiconductor material for applications in the fields of printable and flexible electronics such as field effect transistors, etc. The fact that contacts at particle/particle interfaces exert a limiting impact on device performances motivates research on aligning the electronic levels at particle/particle interfaces. To this end, we focus in the present study on the surface functionalization of ZnO nanorods by a series of C60 derivatives. The latter share in common (i) a phosphonic acid as an anchor to ZnO, (ii) an alkyl chain as a flexible spacer, and (iii) a C60 as the headgroup. To shed light onto the electronic interactions between ZnO and C60, we vary the alkyl chain length from n = 3 to n = 18. HRTEM and EELS prove the successful surface functionalization. Fundamental to this work are steady state absorption and photoluminescence measurements, which confirm the presence of appreciable electronic couplings between ZnO nanorods and C60. Especially the photoluminescence measurements are important since they provide strong support for the dependence between spacer length and strength of electronic communication. In particular, a blue-shift of the ZnO free exciton emission band amounting to as much as 50 meV is observed with a decrease in spacer length. Furthermore, time-resolved absorption measurements corroborate ultrafast charge injection—facilitated by strong coupling—from the photoexcited ZnO nanorods to C60.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.1021/jp112079u

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