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COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons and prospects

Maochen LiCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, ChinaHan WangLili TianCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, ChinaZehan PangCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, ChinaQingkun YangCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, ChinaTianqi HuangCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, ChinaJunfen FanInstitute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaLihua SongCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China. [email protected]Yigang TongBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China. [email protected]Huahao FanCollege of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China. [email protected]

2022en

ABI

Annotatsiya

With the constantly mutating of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of Variants of Concern (VOC), the implementation of vaccination is critically important. Existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines mainly include inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, RNA, DNA, and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Viral vector vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, and mRNA vaccines may induce additional cellular or humoral immune regulations, including Th cell responses and germinal center responses, and form relevant memory cells, greatly improving their efficiency. However, some viral vector or mRNA vaccines may be associated with complications like thrombocytopenia and myocarditis, raising concerns about the safety of these COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we systemically assess the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, including the possible complications and different effects on pregnant women, the elderly, people with immune diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplant recipients, and cancer patients. Based on the current analysis, governments and relevant agencies are recommended to continue to advance the vaccine immunization process. Simultaneously, special attention should be paid to the health status of the vaccines, timely treatment of complications, vaccine development, and ensuring the lives and health of patients. In addition, available measures such as mix-and-match vaccination, developing new vaccines like nanoparticle vaccines, and optimizing immune adjuvant to improve vaccine safety and efficacy could be considered.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00996-y

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