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Co-solvent ethanolysis of chicken waste: Optimization of parameters and characterization of biodiesel

Abdelrahman B. FadhilLaboratory Researches of Industrial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mosul University, Mosul, IraqIslam K. SaeedCollege of Environment Science and Technology, Department of Technology, Mosul University, IraqLiqaa I. SaeedCollege of Education for Girls, Chemistry Department, Mosul University, IraqMarwa H. AltamerLaboratory Researches of Industrial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq

2016en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) was developed from chicken waste. A blend of chicken fat and waste chicken oil was used as a feedstock for FAEE preparation via alkali-catalyzed transesterification with ethanol assisted by a co-solvent. Hexane was used as the co-solvent. The influences of alkali catalyst type and concentration, ethanol/blend molar ratio, hexane/ethanol volume ratio, temperature, time, and type of co-solvent on the yield of FAEE were investigated. The best yield of FAEE (96.94%~96.78% w/w ester content) was obtained at 0.75% KOH w/w, 8:1 ethanol/blend molar ratio, 1.5:1 hexane/ethanol volume ratio, 60°C temperature, and 60 min of reaction. The fuel properties of FAEE produced as well as its blends with petro diesel were within the range of those prescribed by ASTM D 6751 standards, indicating its suitability as fuel for combustion engines. It was concluded that the presence of co-solvent increased the yield of FAEE and enhanced its properties compared to FAEE produced via non-solvent processes. The process was found to follow first-order kinetics, and the activation energy was found to be 13.31 kJ/mol.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.1080/15567036.2015.1065299

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