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Long-COVID Symptoms in Individuals Infected with Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern: A Systematic Review of the Literature

César Fernández‐de‐las‐PeñasDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Sensory Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, DenmarkKin Israel NotarteDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAPrincess Juneire PeligroFaculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, PhilippinesJacqueline Veronica VelascoFaculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, PhilippinesMiguel Joaquín OcampoFaculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, PhilippinesBrandon Michael HenryClinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USALars Arendt‐NielsenDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Sensory Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, DenmarkJuan Torres‐MachoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor-Virgen de la Torre, 28031 Madrid, SpainGustavo Plaza‐ManzanoDepartment of Physical Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

2022en

ABI

Annotatsiya

The association of SARS-CoV-2 variants with long-COVID symptoms is still scarce, but new data are appearing at a fast pace. This systematic review compares the prevalence of long-COVID symptoms according to relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 survivors. The MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases, as well as the medRxiv and bioRxiv preprint servers, were searched up to 25 October 2022. Case-control and cohort studies analyzing the presence of post-COVID symptoms appearing after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection by the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2) or Omicron (B.1.1.529/BA.1) variants were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. From 430 studies identified, 5 peer-reviewed studies and 1 preprint met the inclusion criteria. The sample included 355 patients infected with the historical variant, 512 infected with the Alpha variant, 41,563 infected with the Delta variant, and 57,616 infected with the Omicron variant. The methodological quality of all studies was high. The prevalence of long-COVID was higher in individuals infected with the historical variant (50%) compared to those infected with the Alpha, Delta or Omicron variants. It seems that the prevalence of long-COVID in individuals infected with the Omicron variant is the smallest, but current data are heterogeneous, and long-term data have, at this stage, an obviously shorter follow-up compared with the earlier variants. Fatigue is the most prevalent long-COVID symptom in all SARS-CoV-2 variants, but pain is likewise prevalent. The available data suggest that the infection with the Omicron variant results in fewer long-COVID symptoms compared to previous variants; however, the small number of studies and the lack of the control of cofounders, e.g., reinfections or vaccine status, in some studies limit the generality of the results. It appears that individuals infected with the historical variant are more likely to develop long-COVID symptomatology.

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DOI: 10.3390/v14122629

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