Chemistry of Glass

In the seventeenth century, the extensive incorporation of lead, for instance, leads to distinguishing flint and crown glasses from differences in density and refractive index and not from chemical analyses. Chemistry will be dealt with from two different standpoints: one will be the various ways in which chemical composition can be tailored for specific purposes and the other how temperature changes and interactions with the environment not only modify the chemical composition of glass but may also alter its original nature through phase changes. This chapter reviews the main types of thermodynamic equilibria depicted by phase diagrams relevant to glassmaking and the general effects of the most common elements on their topologies. It discusses the implications in terms of electronegativity and molecular orbital theory and applications to slags, borates, fluorides, or sulfides. Under usual redox conditions, corrosion represents oxidation and dissolution of the metal by the glass.

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