Deviation from first-order perturbation theory observed at intermediate relativistic velocities for the ionisation of highly-charged heavy projectiles

Projectile K-shell ionization cross sections were measured for 80-200 MeV u-1 H- and He-like Bi ions on thin C, Al and Ni targets. The results are compared with predictions of first-order perturbation theories, RSCA and PWBA, as well as with experimental results published for Xe and U ions at similar ratios eta of projectile velocity to K-shell electron velocity. All experimental data lie a factor of 1.5 above theory for 0.6< eta <1.5.

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