Kinetic-equation approach to nonequilibrium superconductivity

We have studied thin films driven out of equilibrium under spatially uniform steady-state conditions by thermal phonon injection, microwave and optical irradiations, and quasiparticle tunneling injection. The linearized coupled kinetic equations for the quasiparticle and phonon distributions were solved numerically. Results for the change in the energy distributions of quasiparticles and phonons are given for a variety of nonequilibrium situations. Using these distributions, the changes in the ultrasonic attenuation, electrical conductivity and the superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunneling $I(V)$ characteristic in various nonequilibrium states are obtained.

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