'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem
Elias G. CarayannisDepartment of Information Systems and Technology Management, George Washington University, School of Business, Washington DC 20052, USADavid F. J. CampbellFaculty for Interdisciplinary Studies (IFF), University of Klagenfurt, Institute of Science Communication and Higher Education Research, Schottenfeldgasse 29, A-1070 Vienna, Austria
2009en
ABI
Annotatsiya
'Mode 3' allows and emphasises the co-existence and co-evolution of different knowledge and innovation paradigms: the competitiveness and superiority of a knowledge system is highly determined by its adaptive capacity to combine and integrate different knowledge and innovation modes via co-evolution, co-specialisation and co-opetition knowledge stock and flow dynamics. The 'Quadruple Helix' emphasises the importance of also integrating the perspective of the media-based and culture-based public. What results is an emerging fractal knowledge and innovation ecosystem, well-configured for the knowledge economy and society.
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