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Pheomelanin pigment remnants mapped in fossils of an extinct mammal

Phillip L. ManningDepartment of Geology and Environmental Geoscience, College of Charleston, 66 George St, Charleston, SC, 29424, USANicholas P. EdwardsStanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USAUwe BergmannStanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USAJennifer AnnéThe Children's Museum of Indianpolis, 3000 N Meridian St, Indianapolis, IN, 46208, USAWilliam I. SellersUniversity of Manchester, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Interdisciplinary Centre for Ancient Life, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKArjen van VeelenUniversity of Southampton, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UKDimosthenis SokarasStanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USAVictoria M. EgertonThe Children's Museum of Indianpolis, 3000 N Meridian St, Indianapolis, IN, 46208, USARoberto Alonso‐MoriLinac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USAKonstantin IgnatyevDiamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UKBart E. van DongenUniversity of Manchester, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Interdisciplinary Centre for Ancient Life, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKKazumasa WakamatsuDepartment of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, JapanShosuke ItoDepartment of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, JapanFabien KnollARAID-Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis, 44002, Teruel, SpainRoy A. WogeliusUniversity of Manchester, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science & Interdisciplinary Centre for Ancient Life, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. [email protected]

2019en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Recent progress has been made in paleontology with respect to resolving pigmentation in fossil material. Morphological identification of fossilized melanosomes has been one approach, while a second methodology using chemical imaging and spectroscopy has also provided critical information particularly concerning eumelanin (black pigment) residue. In this work we develop the chemical imaging methodology to show that organosulfur-Zn complexes are indicators of pheomelanin (red pigment) in extant and fossil soft tissue and that the mapping of these residual biochemical compounds can be used to restore melanin pigment distribution in a 3 million year old extinct mammal species (Apodemus atavus). Synchotron Rapid Scanning X-ray Fluorescence imaging showed that the distributions of Zn and organic S are correlated within this fossil fur just as in pheomelanin-rich modern integument. Furthermore, Zn coordination chemistry within this fossil fur is closely comparable to that determined from pheomelanin-rich fur and hair standards. The non-destructive methods presented here provide a protocol for detecting residual pheomelanin in precious specimens.

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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10087-2

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