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KNN-based frequency-adjustable ferroelectric heterojunction and biomedical applications

Tao ZhangSchool of Integrated Circuit, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaHaoyuan HuCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaHong JiangCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. [email protected]Zhen WangNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USAJinfeng LinSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaYe ChengCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaGuo WeiCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDi KeSchool of Integrated Circuit, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaHang HaiSchool of Integrated Circuit, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaMengshu TaSchool of Integrated Circuit, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaJun OuyangSchool of Integrated Circuit, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaJiwei ZhaiSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaXiaofei YangSchool of Integrated Circuit, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSongyun WangCardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. [email protected]Benpeng ZhuSchool of Integrated Circuit, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. [email protected]

2025en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Abstract High-performance lead-free K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 piezoelectric ceramics present a practical alternative to lead-containing counterparts by effectively reducing potential environmental hazards. This advancement is particularly relevant to the development of ferroelectric heterojunction devices for biomedical applications. Here, we design and fabricate a frequency-adjustable ferroelectric heterojunction based on the developed K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 piezoelectric ceramics with a high piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 = 680 pC/N). By leveraging flexible encapsulation, the heterojunction achieves miniaturization ( φ = 13.3 mm, h = 2.28 mm) and suitability for implantation. After penetrating the rat skull, the ultrasound generated by the heterojunction at a frequency of 3 MHz reaches a focal depth of about 7.9 mm, a focal width of approximately 480 μm at −6 dB, and millimeter-scale continuous focal tuning (1.5 mm) within a narrow frequency range (2.7–3.3 MHz). Additionally, the implanted heterojunction enables long-term and high-precision transcranial neuromodulation, and consequently yields therapeutic effects in a myocardial infarction animal model. Collectively, this study highlights a viable strategy for developing and applying lead-free ferroelectric heterojunctions, expanding their potential in brain modulation, and providing new insights into clinical treatments of myocardial infarction.

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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62079-0

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