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MXene-based materials for enhanced water quality: Advances in remediation strategies

Ali Mohammad AmaniDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: [email protected]Milad AbbasiDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranAtena NajdianThe Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranFarzaneh MohamadpourDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSeyed Reza KasaeeShiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranHesam KamyabUTE University, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Architecture Department, TCEMC Investigation Group, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India; The KU-KIST Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: [email protected]Shreeshivadasan ChelliapanDepartment of Smart Engineering and Advanced Technology, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia. Electronic address: [email protected]Mostafa ShafieeDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranLobat TayebiInstitute for Engineering in Medicine, Health & Human Performance (EnMed), Batten College of Engineering and Technology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USAAhmad VaezDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranAtefeh NajafianDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranEhsan VafaDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSareh Mosleh-ShiraziDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran

2025en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Two-dimensional MXenes are promising candidates for water treatment because of their large surface area (e.g., exceeding 1000 m²/g for certain structures), high electrical conductivity (e.g., >1000 S/m), hydrophilicity, and chemical stability. Their strong sorption selectivity and effective reduction capacity, exemplified by heavy metal adsorption efficiencies exceeding 95 % in several studies, coupled with facile surface modification, make them suitable for removing diverse contaminants. Applications include the removal of heavy metals (e.g., achieving >90 % removal of Pb(II)), dye removal (e.g., demonstrating >80 % removal of methylene blue), and radioactive waste elimination. Furthermore, 3D MXene architecture exhibit enhanced performance in antibacterial activities (e.g., against bacteria), desalination rejection percentage, and photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants. However, several challenges have remained, which necessitate further investigation into toxicity (e.g., assessing effects on aquatic organisms), scalability, and cost-effectiveness of large-scale production. This review summarizes recent advancements in 3D MXene-based functional materials for wastewater treatment and water remediation, critically analyzing their both potential and limitations.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117817

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