COMPOSITION OF BLOOD AND ITS BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS IN THE BODY

Blood is a complex and dynamic connective tissue that plays a fundamental role in maintaining homeostasis and supporting the physiological functions of the human body. It is composed of plasma, which contains water, proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and nutrients, and formed elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Each component performs specialized functions: erythrocytes facilitate the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, leukocytes provide immune defense against pathogens and regulate inflammatory responses, and platelets are essential for hemostasis and wound healing. Beyond its transport function, blood contributes to the regulation of body temperature, osmotic balance, and pH stability, while also protecting the organism from infections and preventing excessive blood loss. Understanding the cellular and molecular composition of blood, along with its multifunctional roles, is crucial for diagnosing and managing various hematological and systemic disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural components of blood, their physiological and biological functions, and their critical significance in health and disease.

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