On The Question Of Calculating The Sedimentation (Siltation) Of Backed-Up Reaches Of Low-Head Dams

This paper examines sedimentation processes in backwater reaches of low-head hydraulic structures, focusing on the interaction between flow, channel morphology, and sediment transport. Based on existing methods (primarily those of S. T. Altunin and V. N. Sholokhov) and field data from river hydroschemes, the study analyzes the staged development of sediment deposition, changes in backwater length, and associated hydraulic conditions. Special attention is given to sandy and gravel–pebble sedimentation schemes, limiting slope formation, and long-term morphological adjustments of river channels. Case studies of the Takhiatash and Tuyamuyun hydroschemes on the Amu Darya River illustrate significant channel transformations, including backwater extension and bed aggradation. The results emphasize the importance of accurate sedimentation forecasting for ensuring the reliable operation of hydraulic structures and water intake systems.

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