Statistical Association Between IceCube High-Energy Neutrino Alerts and Short-Term Gold Market Returns: An Exploratory Analysis (v2.0 — Common Background Field Revision)

Version 2.0 revision. Three structural improvements: (1) Primary Falsification Criterion stated at the outset; (2) Common Background Field (phi2) introduced as theoretical construct analogous to dark matter; (3) Observational channels hierarchized with Bonferroni correction. Core statistical result unchanged: Mann-Whitney U=2419, p=0.0051, r=0.29. Pre-registered prospective test window: May 25-30, 2026 (KOKU=159 days). Frontiers in Physics Manuscript ID: 1884655.

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