Carbon Structures with Three-Dimensional Periodicity at Optical Wavelengths
Anvar ZakhidovA. A. Zakhidov and I. Khayrullin are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA, and in the Department of Thermal Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Katartal 28, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. R. H. Baughman, Z. Iqbal, C. Cui, and J. Marti are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA. S. O. Dantas is in the Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fara, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil. VRay H. BaughmanA. A. Zakhidov and I. Khayrullin are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA, and in the Department of Thermal Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Katartal 28, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. R. H. Baughman, Z. Iqbal, C. Cui, and J. Marti are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA. S. O. Dantas is in the Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fara, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil. VZafar IqbalA. A. Zakhidov and I. Khayrullin are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA, and in the Department of Thermal Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Katartal 28, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. R. H. Baughman, Z. Iqbal, C. Cui, and J. Marti are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA. S. O. Dantas is in the Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fara, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil. VChangxing CuiA. A. Zakhidov and I. Khayrullin are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA, and in the Department of Thermal Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Katartal 28, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. R. H. Baughman, Z. Iqbal, C. Cui, and J. Marti are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA. S. O. Dantas is in the Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fara, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil. VIlyas KhayrullinA. A. Zakhidov and I. Khayrullin are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA, and in the Department of Thermal Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Katartal 28, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. R. H. Baughman, Z. Iqbal, C. Cui, and J. Marti are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA. S. O. Dantas is in the Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fara, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil. VSócrates O. DantasA. A. Zakhidov and I. Khayrullin are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA, and in the Department of Thermal Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Katartal 28, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. R. H. Baughman, Z. Iqbal, C. Cui, and J. Marti are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA. S. O. Dantas is in the Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fara, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil. VJordi Martı́A. A. Zakhidov and I. Khayrullin are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA, and in the Department of Thermal Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Katartal 28, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. R. H. Baughman, Z. Iqbal, C. Cui, and J. Marti are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA. S. O. Dantas is in the Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fara, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil. VVictor RalchenkoA. A. Zakhidov and I. Khayrullin are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA, and in the Department of Thermal Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Katartal 28, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. R. H. Baughman, Z. Iqbal, C. Cui, and J. Marti are at AlliedSignal, Incorporated, Research and Technology, Morristown, NJ 07962–1021, USA. S. O. Dantas is in the Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fara, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil. V
ABI
Abstract
Porous carbons that are three-dimensionally periodic on the scale of optical wavelengths were made by a synthesis route resembling the geological formation of natural opal. Porous silica opal crystals were sintered to form an intersphere interface through which the silica was removed after infiltration with carbon or a carbon precursor. The resulting porous carbons had different structures depending on synthesis conditions. Both diamond and glassy carbon inverse opals resulted from volume filling. Graphite inverse opals, comprising 40-angstrom-thick layers of graphite sheets tiled on spherical surfaces, were produced by surface templating. The carbon inverse opals provide examples of both dielectric and metallic optical photonic crystals. They strongly diffract light and may provide a route toward photonic band-gap materials.
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