Dynamics of Test Particles Around Black Holes in NED and PFDM
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed investigation into the dynamics of test particles around magnetically charged black holes embedded in a perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) environment. Within the framework of general relativity coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics (NED), a modified black hole metric is constructed that incorporates magnetic charge effects and dark matter contributions. The study examines the horizon structure, scalar curvature invariants, and the effective potential governing particle motion. Special emphasis is placed on circular and stable orbits of neutral particles, where the influence of magnetic charge and PFDM on the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) is explored. Results indicate that an increase in magnetic charge reduces the ISCO radius, allowing particles to stably orbit closer to the black hole. Conversely, the PFDM parameter has a non-monotonic effect on orbit stability. These findings deepen our understanding of how modified gravity scenarios and exotic matter content influence astrophysical black holes.