Article

<i>Planck</i> 2018 results

N. AghanimInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, FranceY. AkramiDpartement de Physique, cole normale suprieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, FranceM. AshdownAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UKJ. AumontUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceC. BaccigalupiSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyM. BallardiniDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South AfricaA. J. BandayCNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceR. B. BarreiroInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainN. BartoloDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Universit degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyS. BasakSchool of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, IndiaRichard A. BattyeJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UKK. BenabedInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceJ.-P. BernardUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceM. BersanelliDipartimento di Fisica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, Via Celo-ria, 16, Milano, ItalyP. BielewiczSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyJ. J. BockJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAJ. R. BondCITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaJ. BorrillComputational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USAF. R. BouchetSorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceF. BoulangerSorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, FranceM. BucherAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceC. BuriganaDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyR. C. ButlerINAF -OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica -Osserva-torio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyE. CalabreseSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKJ.-F. CardosoSorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceJulien CarronDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UKA. ChallinorKavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKH. C. ChiangDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAJens ChlubaJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UKL. P. L. ColomboDipartimento di Fisica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, Via Celo-ria, 16, Milano, ItalyC. CombetLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, FranceD. ContrerasDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, CanadaB. P. CrillCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAF. CuttaiaINAF -OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica -Osserva-torio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyP. de BernardisDipartimento di Fisica, Universit La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, Roma, ItalyG. de ZottiINAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, Padova, ItalyJ. DelabrouilleSorbonne Paris CitéJ.‐M. DelouisLaboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Univ. Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Brest, FranceEleonora Di ValentinoJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UKJ. M. DiegoInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainO. DoréCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAM. DouspisInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, FranceA. DucoutKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277- 8583, JapanX. DupacEuropean Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo,S. DusiniIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyG. EfstathiouKavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKF. ElsnerMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyT. A. EnßlinMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyH. K. EriksenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayY. FantayeDepartment of Mathematics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellen-bosch 7602, South AfricaM. FarhangPhysics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Velenjak, Tehran 19839, IranJ. FergussonCentre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UKR. Fernández-CobosInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainF. Finelli⋆INAF -OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica -Osserva-torio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyF. ForastieriDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyM. FrailisINAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy 44 INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy 45 INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy 46 INFN -CNAF, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy 47 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy 48 INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy 49 INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy 50 INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Universit di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy 51 INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Universit di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy 52 IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune 411 007, India 53 Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK 54 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univer-sit Paris-Saclay, Bt. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 55 Institut d'AstrA. A. FraisseDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAE. FranceschiINAF -OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica -Osserva-torio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyA. FrolovSimon Fraser University, Department of Physics, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, CanadaS. GaleottaINAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy 44 INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy 45 INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy 46 INFN -CNAF, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy 47 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy 48 INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy 49 INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy 50 INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Universit di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy 51 INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Universit di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy 52 IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune 411 007, India 53 Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK 54 Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univer-sit Paris-Saclay, Bt. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 55 Institut d'AstrS. GalliSorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceK. GangaAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceR. T. Génova-SantosDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainM. GerbinoHEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USAT. GhoshSchool of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, 752050 Odissa, IndiaJ. González-NuevoDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 18, Oviedo, SpainK. M. GórskiJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAS. GrattonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKA. GruppusoINAF -OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica -Osserva-torio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyJ. E. GudmundssonDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAJ. HamannSchool of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaWill HandleyKavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKF. K. HansenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayD. HerranzInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainS. R. HildebrandtJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAE. HivonSorbonne UniversitéZhiqi HuangSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, 2 Daxue Rd, Tangjia, Zhuhai, PR ChinaA. H. JaffeImperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UKW. C. JonesDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAA. KarakciInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayE. KeihänenDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandR. KeskitaloComputational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USAK. KiiveriDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hllstrmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandJ. KimMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyT. S. KisnerLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USAL. KnoxDepartment of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USAN. KrachmalnicoffSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyM. KunzDpartement de Physique Thorique, Universit de Genve, 24 quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genve 4, SwitzerlandH. Kurki‐SuonioDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hllstrmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandG. LagacheAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, FranceJ.-M. LamarreSorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, FranceA. LasenbyAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UKM. LattanziDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyC. R. LawrenceJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAM. Le JeuneAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FrancePablo LemosInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKJ. LesgourguesInstitut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik und Kosmologie, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, GermanyF. LevrierSorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, FranceAntony LewisDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UKM. LiguoriDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Universit degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy

2020en

ABI

Abstract

We present cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the temperature and polarization maps and the lensing reconstruction. Compared to the 2015 results, improved measurements of large-scale polarization allow the reionization optical depth to be measured with higher precision, leading to significant gains in the precision of other correlated parameters. Improved modelling of the small-scale polarization leads to more robust constraints on many parameters, with residual modelling uncertainties estimated to affect them only at the 0.5 σ level. We find good consistency with the standard spatially-flat 6-parameter ΛCDM cosmology having a power-law spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations (denoted “base ΛCDM” in this paper), from polarization, temperature, and lensing, separately and in combination. A combined analysis gives dark matter density Ω c h 2 = 0.120 ± 0.001, baryon density Ω b h 2 = 0.0224 ± 0.0001, scalar spectral index n s = 0.965 ± 0.004, and optical depth τ = 0.054 ± 0.007 (in this abstract we quote 68% confidence regions on measured parameters and 95% on upper limits). The angular acoustic scale is measured to 0.03% precision, with 100 θ * = 1.0411 ± 0.0003. These results are only weakly dependent on the cosmological model and remain stable, with somewhat increased errors, in many commonly considered extensions. Assuming the base-ΛCDM cosmology, the inferred (model-dependent) late-Universe parameters are: Hubble constant H 0 = (67.4 ± 0.5) km s −1 Mpc −1 ; matter density parameter Ω m = 0.315 ± 0.007; and matter fluctuation amplitude σ 8 = 0.811 ± 0.006. We find no compelling evidence for extensions to the base-ΛCDM model. Combining with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements (and considering single-parameter extensions) we constrain the effective extra relativistic degrees of freedom to be N eff = 2.99 ± 0.17, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction N eff = 3.046, and find that the neutrino mass is tightly constrained to ∑ m ν < 0.12 eV. The CMB spectra continue to prefer higher lensing amplitudes than predicted in base ΛCDM at over 2 σ , which pulls some parameters that affect the lensing amplitude away from the ΛCDM model; however, this is not supported by the lensing reconstruction or (in models that also change the background geometry) BAO data. The joint constraint with BAO measurements on spatial curvature is consistent with a flat universe, Ω K = 0.001 ± 0.002. Also combining with Type Ia supernovae (SNe), the dark-energy equation of state parameter is measured to be w 0 = −1.03 ± 0.03, consistent with a cosmological constant. We find no evidence for deviations from a purely power-law primordial spectrum, and combining with data from BAO, BICEP2, and Keck Array data, we place a limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r 0.002 < 0.06. Standard big-bang nucleosynthesis predictions for the helium and deuterium abundances for the base-ΛCDM cosmology are in excellent agreement with observations. The Planck base-ΛCDM results are in good agreement with BAO, SNe, and some galaxy lensing observations, but in slight tension with the Dark Energy Survey’s combined-probe results including galaxy clustering (which prefers lower fluctuation amplitudes or matter density parameters), and in significant, 3.6 σ , tension with local measurements of the Hubble constant (which prefer a higher value). Simple model extensions that can partially resolve these tensions are not favoured by the Planck data.

Identifiers

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833910

Citations and references

Cited by 900 references

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