Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Measuring the Survey Transfer Function with Balrog
S. EverettJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAB. YannyFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAN. KuropatkinFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAEric HuffJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAY. ZhangFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAJ. MylesSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USAAlexandra MasegianKavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAJ. Elvin-PooleCenter for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAS. AllamFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAG. M. BernsteinDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAI. Sevilla-NoarbeCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, SpainM. SplettstoesserDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UKE. SheldonBrookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 510, Upton, NY 11973, USAMike JarvisDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAA. AmonKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAI. HarrisonDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKA. ChoiCenter for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAW. G. HartleyDépartement de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandA. AlarconArgonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USAC. SánchezDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAD. GruenDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USAK. EckertDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAJ. PratDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAM. TabbuttPhysics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390, USAVinicius C. BustiLaboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, BrazilM. R. BeckerArgonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USAN. MacCrannDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UKH. T. DiehlFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAD. L. TuckerFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAE. BertinSorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris, FranceT. JeltemaA. Drlica-WagnerDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAR. A. GruendlNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAK. BechtolPhysics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390, USAA. Carnero RosellUniversidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainT. M. C. AbbottCerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF's NOIRLab, Casilla 603, La Serena, ChileM. AguenaDepartamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP, 05314-970, BrazilJ. AnnisFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USADavid BaconInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKS BhargavaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UKDavid BrooksDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKD. L. BurkeKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAM. Carrasco KindNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAJ. CarreteroInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, SpainF. J. CastanderInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, SpainChristopher J. ConseliceUniversity of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKM. CostanziINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, ItalyL. N. da CostaLaboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, BrazilM. E. S. PereiraDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAJ. De VicenteCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, SpainJoseph DeRoseSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAS. DesaiDepartment of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, IndiaT. F. EiflerJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAA. E. EvrardDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAI. FerreroInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, NorwayP. FosalbaInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, SpainJ. García-BellidoInstituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, SpainE. GaztañagaInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, SpainD. W. GerdesDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAG. GutiérrezFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAS. R. HintonSchool of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaD. L. HollowoodK. HonscheidCenter for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADragan HutererDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAD. J. JamesCenter for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAS. KentKavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAE. KrauseDepartment of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USAK. KuehnAustralian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, AustraliaO. LahavDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKM. LimaLaboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, BrazilH. LinFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAM. A. G. MaiaObservatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, BrazilJ. L. MarshallGeorge P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAP. MelchiorDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USAF. MenanteauNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAR. MiquelInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, SpainJ. J. MohrFaculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, GermanyR. MorganPhysics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390, USAJ. MuirKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAR. L. C. OgandoObservatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, BrazilA. PalmeseFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAF. Paz-ChinchónNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAA. A. PlazasDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USAM. Rodríguez-MonroyCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, SpainA. K. RomerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UKA. RoodmanKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAE. SánchezCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, SpainV. ScarpineFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAS. SerranoInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, SpainM. SmithSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UKM. Soares-SantosDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAE. SuchytaComputer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USAM. E. C. SwansonNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAG. TarléDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAC. ToSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USAM. A. TroxelDepartment of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAT N VargaUniversitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München, GermanyJ. WellerMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, GermanyR. D. WilkinsonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK
2022en
ABI
Abstract
Abstract We describe an updated calibration and diagnostic framework, Balrog , used to directly sample the selection and photometric biases of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 (Y3) data set. We systematically inject onto the single-epoch images of a random 20% subset of the DES footprint an ensemble of nearly 30 million realistic galaxy models derived from DES Deep Field observations. These augmented images are analyzed in parallel with the original data to automatically inherit measurement systematics that are often too difficult to capture with generative models. The resulting object catalog is a Monte Carlo sampling of the DES transfer function and is used as a powerful diagnostic and calibration tool for a variety of DES Y3 science, particularly for the calibration of the photometric redshifts of distant “source” galaxies and magnification biases of nearer “lens” galaxies. The recovered Balrog injections are shown to closely match the photometric property distributions of the Y3 GOLD catalog, particularly in color, and capture the number density fluctuations from observing conditions of the real data within 1% for a typical galaxy sample. We find that Y3 colors are extremely well calibrated, typically within ∼1–8 mmag, but for a small subset of objects, we detect significant magnitude biases correlated with large overestimates of the injected object size due to proximity effects and blending. We discuss approaches to extend the current methodology to capture more aspects of the transfer function and reach full coverage of the survey footprint for future analyses.
Identifiers
Citations and references
Cited by 40 references
Metrics — AkademScholar · Coming soon