On the nature of the surface phases formed on carbidized tungsten during field evaporation

It is it is shown by means of an atom probe that the subsurface regions of a carbonized tungsten tip (the so-called terraced crystal) has the composition of tungsten carbides which are enriched with carbon as compared to WC. The properties of the nonequilibrium surface phases formed as a result of anisotropic field evaporation of the crystal are elucidated, and the mechanisms by which these phases relax to the equilibrium state are discussed.

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