Multiple-tip liquid-metal field emitter

A stable field emitter with a large tip density (up to 108 cm−2) has been created using track membrane technology. The emitter has been tested in various current collection regimes from a constant current to short pulses of nanosecond duration with a repetition frequency of several kilohertz. The high stability of the emission current at moderate electronic current densities up to 100 mA/cm2 is attributed to the presence of a large number of emitting tips and the dynamic equilibrium between the repulsive forces of the electric field and the forces due to surface tension.

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