Higher Moments of Net Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
M. M. AggarwalPanjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaZ. AhammedLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USAA. V. AlakhverdyantsJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141 980, RussiaI. AlekseevAlikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, RussiaJ. AlfordKent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USAB. D. AndersonKent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USAD. ArkhipkinBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USAG. S. AverichevJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141 980, RussiaJ. BalewskiMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USAL. S. BarnbyUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomS. BaumgartYale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USAD. R. BeavisBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USAR. BellwiedWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USAM. BetancourtMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USAR. R. BettsUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USAA. BhasinUniversity of Jammu, Jammu 180001, IndiaA. K. BhatiPanjab University, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaH. BichselUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USAJ. BielčíkCzech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague, 115 19, Czech RepublicJ. BielčíkováNuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 e/Prague, Czech RepublicB. BiritzUniversity of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USAL. C. BlandBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USAB. E. BonnerRice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USAJ. BouchetKent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USAE. BraidotNIKHEF and Utrecht University, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsA. V. BrandinMoscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow RussiaA. BridgemanArgonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USAE. BrunaYale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USAS. BueltmannOld Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USAI. BunzarovJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141 980, RussiaT. P. BurtonBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USAX. Z. CaiShanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, ChinaH. CainesYale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USAM. Calderon De La Barca SanchezUniversity of California, Davis, Davis, United StatesO. CatuYale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USAD. CebraUniversity of California, Davis, California 95616, USAR. CendejasUniversity of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USAM. C. CervantesTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USAZ. ChajęckiOhio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USAP. ChaloupkaNuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 e/Prague, Czech RepublicS. ChattopadhyayVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, IndiaH. F. ChenUniversity of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaJ. H. ChenInstitute of Particle Physics, CCNU (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, ChinaJ. Y. ChenInstitute of Particle Physics, CCNU (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, ChinaJ. ChengTsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaM. CherneyCreighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USAA. ChikanianYale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USAK. ChoiPusan National University, Pusan, Republic of KoreaW. ChristieBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USAP. ChungNuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 e/Prague, Czech RepublicR. F. ClarkeTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USAM. J. M. CodringtonTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USAR. CorlissMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USAJ. G. CramerUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USAH. J. CrawfordUniversity of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USAD. DasUniversity of California, Davis, California 95616, USAS. DashInstitute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, IndiaA. Davila LeyvaUniversity of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USAL. C. de SilvaWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USAR. R. DebbeBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USAТ. Г. ДедовичJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141 980, RussiaA. A. DerevschikovInstitute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, RussiaR. Derradi de SouzaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, BrazilL. DidenkoBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, United StatesP. DjawothoTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USAS. DograUniversity of Jammu, Jammu 180001, IndiaX. DongLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USAJ. L. DrachenbergTexas A&M University, College Station, United StatesJ. E. DraperUniversity of California, Davis, Davis, United StatesJ. C. DunlopBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, United StatesM. R. Dutta MazumdarVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, IndiaL. G. EfimovJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, RussiaE. ElhalhuliUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomM. ElnimrWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USAJ. EngelageUniversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United StatesG. EppleyRice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USAB. ErazmusSUBATECH, Nantes, FranceM. EstienneL. EunPennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USAO. EvdokimovUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United StatesP. FachiniBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, United StatesR. FatemiUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506-0055, USAJ. FedorišinJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, RussiaR. G. FerschUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington, United StatesP. FilipJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, RussiaE. FinchYale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USAV. FineBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, United StatesY. FisyakBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, United StatesC. A. GagliardiTexas A&M University, College Station, United StatesD. R. GangadharanUniversity of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USAM. S. GantiVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, IndiaE. García-SolisUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United StatesA. GeromitsosF. J. M. GeurtsRice University, Houston, United StatesV. GhazikhanianUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United StatesP. GhoshVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, IndiaY. N. GorbunovCreighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USAA. GordonBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, United StatesO. G. GrebenyukLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United StatesD. GrosnickValparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA
ABI
Аннотация
We report the first measurements of the kurtosis ($\ensuremath{\kappa}$), skewness ($S$), and variance (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{2}$) of net-proton multiplicity (${N}_{p}\ensuremath{-}{N}_{\overline{p}}$) distributions at midrapidity for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=19.6$, 62.4, and 200 GeV corresponding to baryon chemical potentials (${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$) between 200 and 20 MeV. Our measurements of the products $\ensuremath{\kappa}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{2}$ and $S\ensuremath{\sigma}$, which can be related to theoretical calculations sensitive to baryon number susceptibilities and long-range correlations, are constant as functions of collision centrality. We compare these products with results from lattice QCD and various models without a critical point and study the $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}$ dependence of $\ensuremath{\kappa}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{2}$. From the measurements at the three beam energies, we find no evidence for a critical point in the QCD phase diagram for ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ below 200 MeV.
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