Статья

Response and resilience of Asian agrifood systems to COVID-19: An assessment across twenty-five countries and four regional farming and food systems

John M. DixonAustralian National University, Canberra, AustraliaJeevika WeerahewaDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Business Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri LankaJon HellinSustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, PhilippinesMaria Fay Rola‐RubzenSchool of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, AustraliaJikun HuangPeking University, Beijing, ChinaShalander KumarInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaAnup DasIndian Council of Agricultural Research Research Complex for North-Eastern Hill Region, Tripura, IndiaMuhammad Ejaz QureshiFenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, AustraliaTimothy J. KrupnikInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Dhaka, BangladeshKamil ShideedSustainable Agricultural Development and Food Security, Amman, JordanM.L. JatInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, New Delhi, IndiaP. V. Vara PrasadDepartment of Agronomy, Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USASudhir YadavSustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, PhilippinesA. IrshadAbdybek AsanalievKyrgyz National Agrarian University, Bishkek, KyrgyzstanА. И. АбугалиеваKazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty, KazakhstanAziz KarimovRegional Office for Central Asia and the South Caucasus, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, UzbekistanBasundhara BhattaraiCarol Q. BalgosUniversity of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, PhilippinesFredrik L. BenuNusa Cendana University, Kupang, IndonesiaHiroshi EharaInternational Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JapanJharendu PantWorldFish, Batu Maung, Penang, MalaysiaJon Marx SarmientoSchool of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, AustraliaJonathan NewbyAlliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Vientiane, LaosJules PrettySchool of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United KingdomHiromi TokudaGraduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JapanHorst WeyerhaeuserInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Chiang Mai, ThailandLarry N. DigalUniversity of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, PhilippinesLin LiGansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, ChinaMd Abdur Rouf SarkarAgricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, BangladeshMd. Zihadul AbedinInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Dhaka, BangladeshPepijn SchreinemachersR. Quentin GraftonAustralian National University, Canberra, AustraliaR. C. SharmaInternational Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas, Tashkent, UzbekistanSaidjamol SaidzodaThe Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dushanbe, TajikistanSantiago López‐RidauraInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, El Batan, MexicoShuan CoffeyCrawford Fund, Canberra, AustraliaSuan Pheng Kam18, Lorong Geh Chong Keat, Tanjung Bungah, 11200 Penang, MalaysiaSu Su WinDepartment of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Yezin, MyanmarSuwanna PraneetvatakulFaculty of Economics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, ThailandTek MaraseniUniversity of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, AustraliaVan TouchUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, AustraliaWeili LiangHebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, ChinaYashpal SaharawatInternational Fertilizer Development Centre, New Delhi, IndiaJagadish TimsinaGlobal Evergreening Alliance, Melbourne, Australia

Agricultural Systemsjournal2021en

ABI

Аннотация

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting health and economies across the world, although the nature of direct and indirect effects on Asian agrifood systems and food security has not yet been well understood. Objectives: This paper assesses the initial responses of major farming and food systems to COVID-19 in 25 Asian countries, and considers the implications for resilience, food and nutrition security and recovery policies by the governments. Methods: A conceptual systems model was specified including key pathways linking the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 to the resilience and performance of the four principal Asian farming and food systems, viz, lowland rice based; irrigated wheat based; hill mixed; and dryland mixed systems. Based on this framework, a systematic survey of 2504 key informants (4% policy makers, 6% researchers or University staff, 6% extension workers, 65% farmers, and 19% others) in 20 Asian countries was conducted and the results assessed and analysed. Results and conclusion: The principal Asian farming and food systems were moderately resilient to COVID-19, reinforced by government policies in many countries that prioritized food availability and affordability. Rural livelihoods and food security were affected primarily because of disruptions to local labour markets (especially for off-farm work), farm produce markets (notably for perishable foods) and input supply chains (i.e., seeds and fertilisers). The overall effects on system performance were most severe in the irrigated wheat based system and least severe in the hill mixed system, associated in the latter case with greater resilience and diversification and less dependence on external inputs and long market chains. Farming and food systems' resilience and sustainability are critical considerations for recovery policies and programmes, especially in relation to economic performance that initially recovered more slowly than productivity, natural resources status and social capital. Overall, the resilience of Asian farming and food systems was strong because of inherent systems characteristics reinforced by public policies that prioritized staple food production and distribution as well as complementary welfare programmes. With the substantial risks to plant- and animal-sourced food supplies from future zoonoses and the institutional vulnerabilities revealed by COVID-19, efforts to improve resilience should be central to recovery programmes. Significance: This study was the first Asia-wide systems assessment of the effects of COVID-19 on agriculture and food systems, differentiating the effects of the pandemic across the four principal regional farming and food systems in the region.

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Темы

COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts Organic Food and Agriculture Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations

Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103168

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 1 Использованных источников: 87

Показатели — AkademScholar