REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR REFINING VEGETABLE OILS

This article provides a comparative analysis of the main methods of vegetable oil refining: alkaline (chemical), physical, and combined. It examines the stages of the technological process and the applicability of each method for various types of oils (palm, soybean, cottonseed, sunflower, rapeseed, etc.). Attention is paid to energy consumption at the stages of neutralization, washing, drying, and deodorization, as well as the impact of equipment performance on specific energy consumption. Approximate calculations of the distribution of thermal and electrical energy during the processing of 1 kg of oil are provided. It is noted that physical refining, despite the high requirements for raw material purity and vacuum-thermal conditions, is more energy efficient for large-scale processing and is suitable for oils with a high content of free fatty acids. Chemical refining is preferable for oils with a high content of phospholipids and pigments, such as soybean and cottonseed. The potential of combined schemes (semi-alkaline refining) is considered, which allow for a reduction in reagent consumption, wastewater volume and energy costs, while maintaining the high quality of the finished product.

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