The Simons Observatory: forecasted constraints on primordial gravitational waves with the expanded array of Small Aperture Telescopes
Irene Abril-CabezasDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 OWA, U.KS. AdachiKavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, JapanP. AdeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, U.KAlexandre AdlerCNRS-UCB International Research Laboratory, Centre Pierre Binétruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3, Berkeley, U.S.AP. AgrawalDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.AJ. AguirreDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.ASimone AiolaCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, U.S.AT. AlfordDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, U.S.AA. AliDepartment of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, U.S.AD. AlonsoDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, U.KM.A. AlvarezLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, U.S.AR. AnDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1483, U.S.AManuel AravenaInstituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejercito Libertador 441, Santiago, ChileKam ArnoldDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.AP. AshtonDepartment of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, U.S.AF. AstoriDepartment of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano (MI), ItalyZachary AtkinsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.AJason E. AustermannQuantum Sensors Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, U.S.AS. AzzoniDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AC. BaccigalupiInstitute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe (IFPU), Via Beirut 2, 34151, Trieste, ItalyD. BakerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.AR. BalafendievScience Institute, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, IcelandAntón Baleato LizancosDepartment of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, U.S.AD. BarronDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, U.S.AP. BarrySchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, U.KJ. BartlettUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, FranceA. BasyrovUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, FranceN. BattagliaDepartment of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.AE. S. BattistelliDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyR. BattyeJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.KA. BayerDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Payton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AA. O. BazarkoDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AJames A. BeallQuantum Sensors Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, U.S.AR. BeanDepartment of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.AD. BeckDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, U.S.AS. BeckmanDepartment of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, U.S.AJ. BeginDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AA. BeheshtiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, U.S.ABenjamin BeringueUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, FranceT. BhandarkarDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.AS. BhimaniDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, U.S.AF. BianchiniSchool of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, AustraliaE. BiermannDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, U.S.AM. BilliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Catania, via S. Sofia, 64, 95123, Catania, ItalySimon BiquardJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.KB. BixlerDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.AL. BizzarriDepartment of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano (MI), ItalyS. BoadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.AD. BoettgerDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.AB. BollietAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.KJ.R. BondCanadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaJ. BorrillDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.AJ. BorrowDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.AC. BraithwaiteSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, U.KT.L.R. BrienSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, U.KMichael D. BrownJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.KS.M. BrunoDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.ASean BryanSchool of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, U.S.ARicardo BustosDepartamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, ChileH. CaiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, U.S.AErminia CalabreseSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, U.KV. CalafutDepartment of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.AF.M. CarlDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AA. CaronesThe International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, ItalyJ. CarronDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, U.KA. ChallinorDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 OWA, U.KE. ChamberlainDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, U.KP. ChanialUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, FranceN. ChenMcWilliams Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, U.S.AK. CheungJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.KBai-Chiang ChiangDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.AY. ChinoneKavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, JapanJ. ChlubaJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.KH.S. ChoKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.AS. K. ChoiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.AM. ChuDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.AJ. ClancySchool of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, AustraliaSusan E. ClarkDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, U.S.AP. E. L. ClarkeDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 OWA, U.KJ. ClearyDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, U.S.AD. L. ClementsBlackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.KJ. ConnorsQuantum Sensors Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, U.S.ACarlo ContaldiAbdus Salam Centre for Theoretical Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.KG. CoppiDepartment of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano (MI), ItalyL. CorbettDepartment of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, U.S.AN.F. CothardDepartment of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.AWilliam R. CoultonDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 OWA, U.KD. CrichtonAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4041, South AfricaK.D. CrowleyDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AA. CukiermanDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, U.S.AJ.M. D'EwartSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, U.S.ANadia DachlythraDepartment of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano (MI), ItalyO. DarwishUniversité de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique et CAP, 24 Quai Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, SwitzerlandRahul DattaDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, U.S.ASamuel Day-WeissDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.AT. de HaanHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 305-0801, JapanS. DesaiSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, U.KM. DevlinDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.AL. Di MascoloKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract We present updated forecasts for the scientific performance of the degree-scale (0.5 deg FWHM at 93 GHz), deep-field survey to be conducted by the Simons Observatory (SO). By 2027, the SO Small Aperture Telescope (SAT) complement will be doubled from three to six telescopes, including a doubling of the detector count in the 93 GHz and 145 GHz channels to 48,160 detectors. Combined with a planned extension of the survey duration to 2035, this expansion will significantly enhance SO's search for a B -mode signal in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, a potential signature of gravitational waves produced in the very early Universe. Assuming a 1/ f noise model with knee multipole ℓ knee = 50 and a moderately complex model for Galactic foregrounds, we forecast a 1 σ (or 68% confidence level) constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r of σ r = 1.2 × 10 -3 , assuming no primordial B-modes are present. This forecast assumes that 70% of the B -mode lensing signal can ultimately be removed using high resolution observations from the SO Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) and overlapping large-scale structure surveys. For more optimistic assumptions regarding foregrounds and noise, and assuming the same level of delensing, this forecast constraint improves to σ r = 7 × 10 -4 . These forecasts represent a major improvement in SO's constraining power, being a factor of around 2.5 times better than what could be achieved with the originally planned campaign, which assumed the existing three SATs would conduct a five-year survey.
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