Translation Problems of Complex Analytical Forms with Grammatical Meaning (Based on the English and Uzbek Languages)
Аннотация
Since there exists a great typological difference between Uzbek and English, the forms of the analytical grammatical systems are complex and different, no wonder the translation of such grammatical forms will cause a lot of problems. The grammatical meaning in English is expressed largely by analytical (auxiliary, word order, function words) structures, while it is conveyed by agglutinative morphology (suffixation) in Uzbek. Although many contrastive studies have been conducted on basic lexical and simple syntactic distinctions, exhaustive contrastive research on complex analytical forms has not yet been presented in English Uzbek translation. This study fills this gap by looking at the transfer of grammatical meanings of tense, aspect, modality, and voice across these typologically different language systems. Employing a descriptive analytical method based on contrastive linguistics and translation theory, the research focuses on published English Uzbek translations of literary, academic and official texts. It is shown that English analytical constructions often use one construction to express multiple grammatical meanings that cannot be directly expressed structurally in Uzbek. Translators therefore resort to strategies of compensation: auxiliary verbs, adverbs of time and modality, contextual enlargement and syntactic shift in order to keep grammatical and pragmatic content. The findings affirm that formal equivalence does not lend itself to being achieved in a largely tangible sense and that functional equivalence is the foremost principle in the translation of success. Results of this study furthermore highlight the necessity for deep grammatical awareness and strategic flexibility of translators working between typologically distant languages. Such discrepancy has pedagogical consequences, since it indicates that translation training should address explicitly grammatical asymmetries and compensation mechanisms to enhance quality and accuracy of both directions.