Methods and Instruments for Measuring Air Quality Indicators
Аннотация
Urban air pollution is increasing with increasing levels of fine particles and harmful gases, which increases the risk to public health. This article presents a practical analysis of the methods and technical solutions used to measure air quality indicators. The study compared gravimetric measurements, optical sensors, professional automatic stations and electrochemical gas detection sensors in terms of their operating principles, applications, advantages and limitations Important factors affecting measurement accuracy include changes in humidity and temperature, environmental aerodynamic conditions, sensor drift over time, and sensitivity to confounding effects. The Internet of Things (IoT) approach, which combines the stages of data collection, transmission, storage and analysis to organize real-time monitoring, as well as methods for data quality control and calibration through parallel measurements with reference devices, was also considered. The results demonstrated that accuracy, cost, maintenance requirements and local climate conditions should be considered when selecting a device, and that regular calibration and standard processing steps improve the reliability of monitoring results.