Biochemical characteristics of geno-modified cotton seeds
Аннотация
Background. The growth of the Earth’s population and climate change require scientists to create fast-growing, high-yielding and resistant to biotic and abiotic stress plant varieties. However, in cotton, the creation of new varieties with these characteristics is difficult because, on the one hand, these characteristics are polygenic, and on the other hand, the bottleneck effect caused by the use of inbreeding and backcrossing in the breeding process. The solution to this difficult and long-standing problem of cotton production can be the application of genetically engineered approaches to the creation of new varieties. However, according to the Cartagena Protocol, all genetically engineered varieties must undergo a safety assessment to minimize the negative impact on the environment and human health. The purpose of the study is the biochemical characterization of the macronutrient composition of genetically modified cotton lines: RNAi_FRS10 line, resistant to drought and salinity, and pSyn-FoSTUA line, resistant to fusarium wilt. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the seeds of three lines of medium-fiber cotton, two of which were transformed. The study used biochemical methods for the determination of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Results. As a result of the study of the biochemical characteristics of seeds, it was revealed that the seeds of the transformed cotton lines do not significantly differ from the initial control line Cocker-312 used for transformation. The indicators of the total protein content, protein nitrogen and comparative analysis of the protein profile showed no significant differences in all three lines. The oil content of the seeds, the qualitative composition of the oils, the sucrose and starch content of the cotton knockout lines did not significantly differ from the control line. Conclusions. Thus, based on the conducted studies, it can be argued that the insertion of the genetic constructs RNAi_FRS10 and pSyn-FoSTUA into the cotton genome did not lead to a change in the nutritional value of cotton seeds.