Two-dimensional charge layer at the boundary between two insulators

The properties of excess electrons in insulators near the boundary with a vacuum or another insulator are discussed. If the bottom of the conduction band of an insulator is below the energy level of an electron in a vacuum or the bottom of the conduction band of another insulator in contact with it, then the excess electrons can be pressed to the interface by an external electric field. In this case, a two-dimensional electron layer forms near the interface at sufficiently low temperatures, and also a high electron mobility. The energy spectrum of electrons in such a layer is shown to be oscillatory and the spacing between energy levels is determined by the magnitude of the electric field and the dielectric constants of the media.

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